Scopus
EXPORT DATE: 01 December 2025

Kabilijiang, W., Changjiu, W., Kato, T., Mahemuti, R., Li, Q., He, Y., Zhu, P., Latifeike, N., Dong, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Kabilijiang, Wumair (57364768100); Changjiu, Wang (58570931200); Kato, Takaaki (55483081100); Mahemuti, Reyisha (58570717600); Li, Qiushan (56843961900); He, Yongyong (59757361500); Zhu, Pingpu (58883060300); Latifeike, Nuyoufuti (58570553900); Dong, Wei (59385521600)
57364768100; 58570931200; 55483081100; 58570717600; 56843961900; 59757361500; 58883060300; 58570553900; 59385521600
Research on Postearthquake Rural Housing Reconstruction and Subsequent Evaluation in Dujiangyan on the 15th Anniversary of the Wenchuan Earthquake
(2025) Natural Hazards Review, 26 (3), art. no. 05025004, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1061/NHREFO.NHENG-2227
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105003735161&doi=10.1061%2FNHREFO.NHENG-2227&partnerID=40&md5=e69c03185bb8277af6b37c76ce122e90

AFFILIATIONS: Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute of Industrial Science, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Security, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Foreign Languages, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Mental Health Education Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Postdisaster housing reconstruction is a long-term process that includes planning, rebuilding, relocation, and evaluation. True insights into the living conditions of disaster survivors emerge only in the later stages of reconstruction. However, short-term rebuilding and resettlement often attract more attention, while the long-term outcomes are frequently overlooked. This paper, based on the researchers' extensive involvement in the post-Wenchuan Earthquake reconstruction in Dujiangyan City, uses data from the local government's reconstruction management committee for policy review, spatial analysis, and resettlement benefit evaluation. Field research, surveys, and household interviews were conducted in five rural communities to assess the policies, implementation, and outcomes of the reconstruction. The results showed that: (1) during the reconstruction period following the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, the reconstruction efforts in rural areas exhibited relatively good completion rates and short-term resettlement benefits but limited survivor participation and challenges in livelihood recovery in the later stages; (2) despite low perceived benefits in participation and livelihood recovery, survivors showed high overall satisfaction, likely due to insufficient postearthquake funds and energy among the survivors, strong government intervention, and support for reconstruction policies; (3) livelihood sustainability of relocated residents needs more attention, as many lost access to farming and faced increased living costs; and (4) even when the same reconstruction model is applied, there can be significant differences in the implementation of reconstruction across different communities. unified planning self-reconstruction model tends to increase survivors' financial and energy costs but also allows for greater participation and freedom, making it easier for residents to adapt to postreconstruction life. In contrast, government-led unified planning model often requires lower direct financial costs from the survivors, but offers limited participation and freedom, with the reconstruction process more heavily influenced by government decisions. As a result, the effectiveness of reconstruction may vary significantly between communities, posing challenges for effective government planning and decision-making. © 2025 American Society of Civil Engineers.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Postevaluation; Rural housing reconstruction; Satisfaction; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Information management; Risk perception; Financial costs; Housing reconstruction; Late stage; Long term process; Post disasters; Post evaluations; Rural housing; Rural housing reconstruction; Satisfaction; Wenchuan Earthquake; Cost benefit analysis; decision making; earthquake; livelihood; local government; natural disaster; natural hazard; rural area; spatial analysis; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Alexander, Bob, Sustainable livelihood considerations for disaster risk management: Implications for implementation of the Government of Indonesia tsunami recovery plan, Disaster Prevention and Management, 15, 1, pp. 31-50, (2006); 
Al-Nammari, Fatima M., Earthquake recovery of historic buildings: Exploring cost and time needs, Disasters, 33, 3, pp. 457-481, (2009); 
Anilkumar, Shyni, An Inquiry into Success Factors for Post-disaster Housing Reconstruction Projects: A Case of Kerala, South India, International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 12, 1, pp. 24-39, (2021); 
Ardalan, Ali, Post-disaster quality of life among older survivors five years after the Bam earthquake: Implications for recovery policy, Ageing and Society, 31, 2, pp. 179-196, (2011); 
Bouraoui, Dhouha, Centralized decision making, users' participation and satisfaction in post-disaster reconstruction: The case of Tunisia, International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 4, 2, pp. 145-167, (2013); 
Brun, Cathrine, Making a home during crisis: Post-tsunami recovery in a context of war, Sri Lanka, Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 29, 3, pp. 274-287, (2008); 
Chang-Richards, Alice Yan, An integrated approach: Managing resources for post-disaster reconstruction, Disasters, 35, 4, pp. 739-765, (2011); 
Chen, Yong, Consequences of post-disaster policies and relocation approaches: two communities from rural China, Disaster Prevention and Management, 30, 3, pp. 340-353, (2020); 
Davidson, Colin H., Truths and myths about community participation in post-disaster housing projects, Habitat International, 31, 1, pp. 100-115, (2007); 
García de Jalón, Silvestre, Responses of sub-Saharan smallholders to climate change: Strategies and drivers of adaptation, Environmental Science and Policy, 90, pp. 38-45, (2018)
PUBLISHER: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, L., Bivona, E., Yan, H., Qi, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Linlin (57219488139); Bivona, Enzo (6506795281); Yan, Haiyan (59443522200); Qi, Jiayin (13408299900)
57219488139; 6506795281; 59443522200; 13408299900
Using a Hybrid Collaborative Crisis Management Framework to Foster Long-Term Growth in Post-Disaster Reconstruction: Findings From the Chinese Paired Assistance Policy
(2025) Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1002/sres.3158
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105003302290&doi=10.1002%2Fsres.3158&partnerID=40&md5=acd36559ce0115de4442ef9cf5092d91

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Political Sciences and International Relations, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, PA, Italy; School of Management, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, China; Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: This study applies the causal loop analysis grounded in the system dynamics methodology to examine the underlying drivers of the Paired Assistance Policy (PAP) in post-disaster reconstruction after the Chinese Wenchuan earthquake. The findings reveal that the PAP fosters coordination among diverse stakeholders operating at multiple governmental tiers and across various sectors. This coordination promotes immediate recovery and introduces an innovative mechanism that supports the long-term development of both the assisting and assisted entities. The study also identifies the potential risks associated with the competitive performance system among the assisting parties. Furthermore, this study also examines the conditions necessary for the effective implementation of the PAP in non-centralized governance contexts. By exploring capacity building of local authorities, public–private partnerships and adaptation to cultural and social contexts, the findings contribute to a broader understanding of how the PAP can be adapted across different institutional and policy environments worldwide. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: disaster resilience; hybrid collaborative crisis management; long-term growth; Paired Assistance Policy; post-disaster reconstruction
INDEX KEYWORDS: Crisis management; Disaster resiliences; Hybrid collaborative crisis management; Long-term growths; Loop analysis; Management frameworks; Paired assistance policy; Post-disaster reconstruction; System Dynamics; Wenchuan Earthquake
REFERENCES: Agnew, Scott, Causal loop modelling of residential solar and battery adoption dynamics: A case study of Queensland, Australia, Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, pp. 2363-2373, (2018); 
Agranoff, Robert, Inside the matrix: Integrating the paradigms of intergovernmental and network management, International Journal of Public Administration, 26, 12, pp. 1401-1422, (2003); 
Alexander, David E., An evaluation of medium-term recovery processes after the 6 April 2009 earthquake in L'Aquila, Central Italy, Environmental Hazards, 12, 1, pp. 60-73, (2013); 
Ansell, Christopher K., Managing Transboundary Crises: Identifying the Building Blocks of an Effective Response System, Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 18, 4, pp. 195-207, (2010); 
Ansell, Christopher K., Collaborative governance in theory and practice, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18, 4, pp. 543-571, (2008); 
Berchtold, Claudia, Barriers and Facilitators in Interorganizational Disaster Response: Identifying Examples Across Europe, International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 11, 1, pp. 46-58, (2020); 
Bianchi, Carmine, Implementing collaborative governance: models, experiences, and challenges, Public Management Review, 23, 11, pp. 1581-1589, (2021); 
Enabling Collaborative Governance Through Systems Modeling Methods, (2020); 
Bodin, Örjan, Working at the “speed of trust”: pre-existing and emerging social ties in wildfire responder networks in Sweden and Canada, Regional Environmental Change, 19, 8, pp. 2353-2364, (2019); 
Boin, Arjen, Preparing for critical infrastructure breakdowns: The limits of crisis management and the need for resilience, Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 15, 1, pp. 50-59, (2007)
PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: aip

Li, Q., Umaier, K., Chen, Y., Koide, O.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Qiushan (56843961900); Umaier, Kabilijiang (57218994901); Chen, Yun (59241479500); Koide, Osamu (55900976700)
56843961900; 57218994901; 59241479500; 55900976700
Comparative analysis of urban and rural housing reconstruction post 9.21 Chi-Chi and 5.12 Wenchuan earthquakes: complexity, challenges and policy exploration
(2024) Disaster Prevention and Management, 33 (4), pp. 406 - 424, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1108/DPM-10-2023-0272
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85200130491&doi=10.1108%2FDPM-10-2023-0272&partnerID=40&md5=764b4081d94801d8c4de2483b19fde3a

AFFILIATIONS: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: Purpose: Due to significant differences between urban and rural areas in terms of geographical environment, building scale, resident culture, social organization and other aspects, the post-disaster recovery and reconstruction models for both exhibit substantial variation. This study identifies critical strategic issues that must be addressed in housing reconstruction in the context of different social structures of urban–rural “integration” and urban–rural “dualization” to achieve the goal of “building back better” in the future. Design/methodology/approach: By taking the experience of the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake and the Taiwan 9.21 earthquake as a reference, this study provides a thematic analysis and systematic summary of the entire process of post-disaster housing reconstruction. Findings: A successful housing reconstruction process should actively engage disaster-affected populations through participatory institutional design. Providing a diverse housing reconstruction model can coordinate the interests of the government, the market and affected individuals, promoting harmony of residential, productive and ecological functions. However, it can also lead to the division of existing communities. Research limitations/implications: This research relies on existing literature, government publications, academic studies and news reports, which may carry inherent biases or omissions. Future research can benefit from conducting more extensive and long-term post-reconstruction surveys to assess the sustained impact of recovery efforts while also considering additional data sources to ensure comprehensive and unbiased analyses. Practical implications: With the support of post-disaster reconstruction policies, diverse changes in land use can lead to urban and rural spatial pattern reform and sustainable regional development, providing a reference for formulating optimal strategies. Social implications: This study carries significant societal implications by addressing critical strategic issues in housing reconstruction within varying urban–rural social structures. It highlights the importance of engaging affected populations through participatory design and harmonizing government, market and individual interests. The research introduces strategies for activating rural construction land quotas and creating new funding sources, promoting sustainable regional development. Its findings contribute to post-disaster reconstruction models, offering valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, ultimately leading to more effective and inclusive recovery efforts and benefiting disaster-prone areas worldwide. Originality/value: This research primarily investigates the market circulation patterns of urban and rural land under different social structures, delves into the strategies for sources of housing reconstruction funding, along with an assessment of their effectiveness. © 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Housing reconstruction; Land resource management; Post-disaster reconstruction policy; Reconstruction mechanism; Recovery and resilience
REFERENCES: Acharya, Prabin, Managing Postdisaster Reconstruction after the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal Earthquake and Lessons Learned, Natural Hazards Review, 23, 4, (2022); 
Focus on Geography, (2004); 
Communities in Disaster A Sociological Analysis of Collective Stress Situations, (1969); 
Undp Conference, (2005); 
Davidson, Colin H., Truths and myths about community participation in post-disaster housing projects, Habitat International, 31, 1, pp. 100-115, (2007); 
Shelter After Disaster, (1978); 
Gender and Post Disaster Reconstruction the Case of Hurricane Mitch in Honduras and Nicaragua, (2000); 
Proceedings of the 4 Sup Th Sup International I Rec Conference 2008 Building Resilience Achieving Effective Post Disaster Reconstruction, (2008); 
Creation of Giant Earthquakes Risk Analysis and Institutional Resilience of the 9 21 Earthquake Disaster, (2023); 
Oral History of 921 Earthquake on Its Decennial, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Emerald Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, Y., Wang, L., Zou, Q., Li, J., Lu, Y., Li, L., Xu, B., Wang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Yanguo (57200546913); Wang, Li (58037340800); Zou, Qiang (57203216238); Li, Jingji (54936610500); Lu, Yafeng Fengi (56497244700); Li, Lin (59171043100); Xu, Binni (57869613900); Wang, Lihui (58450719100)
57200546913; 58037340800; 57203216238; 54936610500; 56497244700; 59171043100; 57869613900; 58450719100
Post-disaster spatial reconstruction from the perspective of a rural settlement niche in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River
(2024) Journal of Mountain Science, 21 (5), pp. 1630 - 1646, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-023-8306-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85195829702&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-023-8306-0&partnerID=40&md5=72bf663946b16f7739da585f87d19314

AFFILIATIONS: Tianfu Institute of Research and Innovation, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Planning and Nature Resources, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction provide an effective way to reduce the disaster vulnerability of, and promote leapfrog development in, an affected area. To date, studies that have used administrative boundaries to investigate the reconstruction of settlement space have not been able to clearly define the real boundaries of land use changes or quantify the degree of response to the ‘Build-Back-Better’ initiative, and have lacked any consideration of the fourth reconstruction stage–development period (10 years). This study constructed a mountain settlement niche and analyzed the characteristics, spatial reconstruction, and drivers of rural settlements during 2009–2019 in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, southwest China. The results showed the following: (1) Natural factors were the basis for the formation and development of mountain settlement niches. The scale of the settlement niche and its land use structure depended on the physical geography features and the ethnic farming and grazing traditions. The settlement niche provided a realistic boundary for the spatial reconstruction. (2) The layout of residential land around cropland was the common feature of the mountain settlement niche. Of all the land use types, the roads and rural residential lands showed the most change over the 10 years; 13,860 residential patches increased in size and 4,742 patches were abandoned. (3) The area of orchards, planted to reconstruct the economy in the mountains, increased by nearly 2.5 times. (4) Collapses, landslides, and debris flow disasters and the ecological red line influenced the spatial reconstruction. While the main focus of postdisaster recovery is spatial reconstruction, initiatives should include economic and spiritual recovery, and should also achieve sustainable development of the region. © Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Reconstruction; Rural settlements; Settlement niche; Southwest China; Spatial reconstruction
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster management; human settlement; reconstruction; residential location; rural area; spatial analysis; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Austin, Michael Phillip, Species distribution models and ecological theory: A critical assessment and some possible new approaches, Ecological Modelling, 200, 1-2, pp. 1-19, (2007); 
Bai, Yang, New ecological redline policy (ERP) to secure ecosystem services in China, Land Use Policy, 55, pp. 348-351, (2016); 
Camaioni, Beatrice, How does space affect the allocation of the EU Rural Development Policy expenditure? A spatial econometric assessment, European Review of Agricultural Economics, 43, 3, pp. 433-473, (2016); 
Cao, Zhi, Spatial pattern and its influencing factors of specialized villages and towns in China, Dili Xuebao/Acta Geographica Sinica, 75, 8, pp. 1647-1666, (2020); 
Chen, Jiquan, Prospects for the sustainability of social-ecological systems (SES) on the Mongolian plateau: Five critical issues, Environmental Research Letters, 13, 12, (2018); 
Cheng, Long, China's rural transformation under the Link Policy: A case study from Ezhou, Land Use Policy, 103, (2021); 
Coles, John B., Decisions in Disaster Recovery Operations: A Game Theoretic Perspective on Organization Cooperation, Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 8, 1, (2020); 
Colwell, Robert K., Hutchinson's duality: The once and future niche, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, SUPPL. 2, pp. 19651-19658, (2009); 
Contreras, Diana, Monitoring recovery after earthquakes through the integration of remote sensing, GIS, and ground observations: The case of L'Aquila (Italy), Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 43, 2, pp. 115-133, (2016); 
Cui, Peng, Mountain hazards in the Tibetan Plateau: Research status and prospects, National Science Review, 2, 4, pp. 397-399, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhao, L., Wang, W., Kong, F., Zhang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Liang (57747204500); Wang, Wei (58111786600); Kong, Feng (56555820800); Zhang, Lei (59896910400)
57747204500; 58111786600; 56555820800; 59896910400
Study on Post - evaluation and Resilience Building of Tourism Projects in Major Natural Disaster Reconstruetion Zones 重大自然灾害灾后重建区旅游项目评价及韧性建设研究
(2024) Journal of Catastrophology, 39 (2), pp. 185 - 191, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2024.02.027
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105005081987&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.1000-811X.2024.02.027&partnerID=40&md5=47fa199dc40ea1afa85f25baf67f5ee0

AFFILIATIONS: School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China; School of Government, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China; College of Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Emergency Rescue Promotion Center, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Based on the study of post - disaster recovery and reconstruetion projects in Mianyang City, the hardest - hit area of the Wenchuan earthquake, it is possible to understand the implementation of the recovery and reconstruetion of the tourism industry in the disaster area, and put forward the path of resilient development of the tourism industry in the disaster - prone areas based on the coneept of " build back better". Research findings; (T) Through the post - disaster recovery and reconstruetion projeet evaluation, it is found that the implementation of historical and cultural heritage and scenic spots projects in Mianyang City is relatively poor, on the one hand, it is due to the fact that most of the characteristic tourism resources are located in the area of complex geologic environ-ment, which makes it difficult to recover and reconstruet. On the other hand, post - disaster resource constraints and secondary disasters contribute to the impacts on the recovery and reconstruetion of the tourism projects; (2) Wenchuan earthquake tourism recovery and reconstruetion also has a lot of experience to learn from, including the formulation of policies and plans to protect the leading position of the tourism industry is crucial, to enhance the funetion of supporting Services to promote the optimization and upgrading of the tourism industry, and to inno-vate the marketing approach can strongly promote the recovery of the tourism market to grow. (3) The connotation of the coneept of " rebuild better" is further analyzed, the need for disaster - prone regions to draw on this coneept to guide post - disaster recovery and reconstruetion is discussed, and a resilient development path for tourism is pro-posed based on the three dimensions of risk reduetion, scenic area restoration and efficient implementation, speeif-ically in the areas of tourism planning, structural resilience, disaster prevention and mitigation, economy and livelihoods, society and psychology, institutional mechanisms, laws and regulations, and monitoring and evaluation. © 2024 Shaanxi Earthquake Agency. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: build back better; post - projeet evaluation; post-disaster reconstruetion; resilient development; tourism industry
REFERENCES: Disaster Recovery, (2016); 
Lu, Yi, Rebuilding resilient homeland: an NGO-led post-Lushan earthquake experimental reconstruction program, Natural Hazards, 104, 1, pp. 853-882, (2020); 
Mannakkara, Sandeeka, Selecting an institutional mechanism for Building Back Better: Lessons from Victorian bushfires recovery, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 19, pp. 273-279, (2016); 
Kennedy, James Lehr, The meaning of 'build back better': Evidence From post-tsunami Aceh and Sri Lanka, Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 16, 1, pp. 24-36, (2008); 
Collins, Andrew E., Advancing the Disaster and Development Paradigm, International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 9, 4, pp. 486-495, (2018); 
Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, (2015); 
Zhao, Liang, A framework of resilience development for poor villages after the wenchuan earthquake based on the principle of "build back better, Sustainability (Switzerland), 12, 12, (2020); 
Cochrane, Janet, The sphere of tourism resilience, Tourism Recreation Research, 35, 2, pp. 173-185, (2010); 
Journal of Sustain Abletourism, (2019); 
Waldron, Richard, Emergency homeless shelter use in the Dublin region 2012–2016: Utilizing a cluster analysis of administrative data, Cities, 94, pp. 143-152, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Shaanxi Earthquake Agency
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Hu (58827066300)
58827066300
Pair Support Mechanism with Chinese Characteristics: Achievement, Experience and Value
(2023) Journal of Management World, 2023 (1), pp. 71 - 85, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.53935/jomw.v2023i1.233
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85182841756&doi=10.53935%2Fjomw.v2023i1.233&partnerID=40&md5=f9a58c39a4b92d9a692fc79c1ee7d664

AFFILIATIONS: National Institute of Emergency Management, Chinese Academy of Governance, Guangzhou, China
ABSTRACT: The Paired Assistance Program to Disaster-Affected Areas (PADAA) in China has demonstrated its efficiency after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in restoring and reconstructing the affected regions. PADAA gradually was implemented into national policy and became a part of political mobilization in the Chinese emergency management system. This study aims to find out how PADAA works in the Chinese public administration system. In order to achieve this goal, the expert interviews, secondary data and documents were processed. We discuss the phases of the reconstruction process and analyse the factors, which enabled the influence of the PADAA programme on economic sustainability growth. The findings of this research will be helpful to humanitarian practitioners and policy-makers for their better understanding of the disaster challenges and relief operations arrangement that should lead to improvement of regulations, policies and logistics strategies in this direction. Finally, some recommendations for local governments and international organizations will be suggested. © Journal of Management World, 2023.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Economic Sustainability; Local Communities Management; Paired Assistance to Disaster Affected Areas (PADAA); Public Administration; Public Infrastructure
REFERENCES: China Experiments from Local Innovations to National Reform, (2012); 
Asprone, Domenico, Linking disaster resilience and urban sustainability: A glocal approach for future cities, Disasters, 39, s1, pp. s96-s111, (2015); 
Beijing Put People First in Assisting Shifang, (2009); 
Berke, Philip R., Recovery after Disaster: Achieving Sustainable Development, Mitigation and Equity, Disasters, 17, 2, pp. 93-109, (1993); 
Bernstein, Thomas P., Stalinism, famine, and Chinese peasants - Grain procurements during the great leap forward, Theory and Society, 13, 3, pp. 339-377, (1984); 
Chang, Stephanie E., Urban disaster recovery: A measurement framework and its application to the 1995 Kobe earthquake, Disasters, 34, 2, pp. 303-327, (2010); 
Charoenkit, Sasima, Environmental sustainability assessment tools for low carbon and climate resilient low income housing settlements, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 38, pp. 509-525, (2014); 
Wenchuan Earthquake of 2008 Anatomy of A Disaster, (2011); 
Cheng, Shaoming, Measuring disaster recovery: Bouncing back or reaching the counterfactual state?, Disasters, 39, 3, pp. 427-446, (2015); 
Centrifugal Empire Central Local Relations in China, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Team of JoMW
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Otani, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Otani, Junko (57585245700)
57585245700
Reconstructing Resilient Communities after the Wenchuan Earthquake: Disaster Recovery in China
(2023), pp. 1 - 301, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105019851952&partnerID=40&md5=d299635dc3f461c7aaf9a4c11d3e21aa

AFFILIATIONS: Graduate School of Human Sciences, The University of Osaka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
ABSTRACT: Reconstructing Resilient Communities after the Wenchuan Earthquake: Disaster Recovery in China looks at the changes in Chinese society following the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan from various perspectives ranging from reconstruction policy, mental care for disaster victims, tourism in disaster areas, ethnic minorities, and disaster prevention education. The Wenchuan Earthquake, which occurred three months prior to the Beijing Olympics, attracted worldwide attention in May of 2008. Following this natural disaster, the government in China conducted a delicate bargaining between government top-drown control and openness to its people and the international society in its effort to steer the reconstruction. This book examines the globalization of modern society through examination of these events and considers what we have learned from this disaster, subsequent reconstruction, and issues that may arise in the future. © 2024 The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disasters; Earthquakes; Disaster areas; Disaster recovery; Earthquake disaster; Ethnic minorities; International society; Mental cares; Natural disasters; Olympics; Sichuan; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disaster prevention
PUBLISHER: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, B., Zhang, H., Evans, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Beier (57700315700); Zhang, Hui (56387841400); Evans, Richard David (55713744000)
57700315700; 56387841400; 55713744000
Build back better: A framework for sustainable recovery assessment
(2022) International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 76, art. no. 102998, Cited 20 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102998
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130334183&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ijdrr.2022.102998&partnerID=40&md5=ba1708ce4d919f44fb6273ba73d7af16

AFFILIATIONS: School of Public Administration, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
ABSTRACT: Build Back Better (BBB) is a strategy published as part of the Sendai Framework which has been widely adopted to achieve long-term, effective and sustainable disaster recovery. Assessment of disaster recovery is crucial for improving understanding of the difficulties and insufficiencies experienced during the reconstruction process and to better support disaster risk reduction policies and investment. However, with the focus being on optimizing the economic and physical environment, citizens’ preferences remain unexamined in existing literature. Therefore, this study aims to create a sustainable recovery framework which takes into account the needs of citizens. Based on systems theory, the proposed framework evaluates the sustainable recovery level of families and communities from three dimensions, namely: Element, Structure, and Function. The Best Worst Method (BWM) was used, involving two rounds of interviews with 11 experts, to determine evaluation indexes for each dimension. The Element dimension consists of five sustainable livelihood capitals. The Structure dimension includes community social capital, leadership, and social governance. The Function dimension includes disaster preparedness, disaster response, immediate recovery, and disaster learning. The proposed framework was used to investigate the degree of sustainable recovery in four towns in Wenchuan County, Mainland China. Through interviews and large-scale surveys, the internal mechanisms that influence the level of sustainable recovery in different communities were identified. Practical recommendations are provided to improve disaster recovery management in developing regions. The proposed framework can assist in the development of recovery standards and evaluations at different levels in China and other parts of the world. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Community resilience; Disaster reduction; Sustainable livelihood approach; Sustainable recovery; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Félix, Daniel, The role of temporary accommodation buildings for post-disaster housing reconstruction, Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 30, 4, pp. 683-699, (2015); 
Doocy, Shannon C., The Human Impact of Earthquakes: A Historical Review of Events 1980-2009 and Systematic Literature Review, PLoS Currents, APR 2013, (2013); 
Hettige, Siri T., Community level indicators of long term disaster recovery, Procedia Engineering, 212, pp. 1287-1294, (2018); 
Rouhanizadeh, Behzad, Predictive Model Development to Perform Condition Assessment on Pipeline Networks, pp. 24-32, (2019); 
Bassett, Mark, Legislation for building back better of horizontal infrastructure, Disaster Prevention and Management, 26, 1, pp. 94-104, (2017); 
Eid, Mohamed S., Sustainable Disaster Recovery Decision-Making Support Tool: Integrating Economic Vulnerability into the Objective Functions of the Associated Stakeholders, Journal of Management in Engineering, 33, 2, (2017); 
Evidence Base, (2016); 
Recovery Challenges and Lessons, (2019); 
Modeling Spatial and Economic Impacts of Disasters, (2004); 
Smith, Gavin Paul, Sustainable Disaster Recovery: Operationalizing An Existing Agenda, Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, pp. 234-257, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X., Albuerne, A.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xianqi (57897961800); Albuerne, Alejandra (36719771100)
57897961800; 36719771100
How Could Community Participation Help to Achieve Build-Back-Better
(2022) Proceedings of the International Conference on Natural Hazards and Infrastructure, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138359470&partnerID=40&md5=a9b7e1f674815984c4780765303dd0cb

AFFILIATIONS: University College London, London, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: Seismic events in China cause serious losses in human lives, as well as damage to infrastructure. On May 12th 2008, the Wenchuan Earthquake of magnitude Mw7.9 heavily shocked most of Western China, resulting in large numbers of housing severely damaged or lost. Recovery and reconstruction quickly kicked off in the affected areas, involving local and national governments and other international actors. This paper focuses on community participation in post-earthquake reconstruction projects in rural areas affected by this earthquake, taking the village of Daping in Sichuan province as a case study to discuss how community participation can contribute to ‘build-back-better’ strategies and sustainable rural development. The reconstruction of Daping took place in 2008 and 2009 after the Wenchuan Earthquake. The authors have explored the process through literature analysis and site investigations, including semi-structured interviews with the local community and local government officials. The local community in Daping drove the building reconstruction, rather than built-environment professionals, and were actively involved in the design and rebuilding process by drawing learnings from traditional building techniques, seismic construction, architectural layout and other vernacular knowledge in relation to dealing with natural changes and the environment. The study exemplifies how community involvement strengthens build-back-better strategies, particularly through the use of local knowledge, which can result in solutions that are better adapted to the needs and the culture of the local communities by enhancing local construction typologies, arranging safer settlements and utilizing more appropriate materials. The findings suggest that regional culture may positively impact post-earthquake reconstruction, supporting the sustainable development of rural areas. © 2022, National Technical University of Athens. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: build-back-better; community participation; local knowledge; post-earthquake reconstruction
REFERENCES: Ahmed, Iftekhar, Editorial: Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction to Enable Resilient Communities, Open House International, 39, 3, pp. 4-6, (2014); 
Procedia Environ Sci, (2017); 
Prikl Mat Mekh, (1962); 
Eye of the Farmers Our Community, (2009); 
Journal of Chongqing University Social Science Edition, (2018); 
Critical Assessment of Methods of Protein Structure Prediction Casp Round IV; 
Daly, Patrick, Rebuilding Asia following natural disasters: Approaches to reconstruction in the asia-pacific region, pp. 1-438, (2016); 
Vestnik of Minin University, (2025); 
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Annual Average Equilibrium Moisture Content EMC of Wood in China, (2013)
PUBLISHER: National Technical University of Athens
CONFERENCE NAME: 3rd International Conference on Natural Hazards and Infrastructure, ICONHIC 2022
CONFERENCE DATE: 2022-07-05 through 2022-07-07
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Athens
CONFERENCE CODE: 282299
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, Y., Song, J., Zhong, S., Liu, Z., Gao, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Yu (57196264863); Song, Jing (57327981500); Zhong, Sisi (57327413700); Liu, Zaiqiang (57327699600); Gao, Weijun (55505206200)
57196264863; 57327981500; 57327413700; 57327699600; 55505206200
Effect of destructive earthquake on the population-economy-space urbanization at county level-a case study on Dujiangyan county, China
(2022) Sustainable Cities and Society, 76, art. no. 103345, Cited 23 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103345
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118757792&doi=10.1016%2Fj.scs.2021.103345&partnerID=40&md5=ee592153d57c83fd609e28bbcab0bcd7

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan; College of Art, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China; Innovation Institute for Sustainable Maritime Architecture Research and Technology, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
ABSTRACT: Geological hazards such as destructive earthquake severely limit the speed and the scale of urbanization at urban scale. However, whether the historical earthquake exert persistent or temporary effects on the urbanization process at county scale also remain intertwined. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was an unparalleled natural disaster in China history, and the Dujiangyan county is one of the ten worst-hit counties. Taking the Dujiangyan county as a case study, we established an indexing systems for urbanization at a county scale. The urbanization level at the county scale was gauged from three dimensions including population, economy and space. The coordinate assessment indicated that the urbanization process at the scale of county had obvious phase characteristics before and after the natural disasters. The suitable post-disaster policies and measures could strengthen the coupling coordination degree among the population, economy and space at the county scale. Triangle analysis indicated the urbanization model of the Dujiangyan county was basically a shift from space-dominated to population-dominated before and after the earthquake. It's indispensable to improve the quality of geological environment to minimize the threats and losses rendered by earthquake and facilitate sustainable urbanization process at county scale. © 2021
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geological hazards; Population–economy–space urbanization; Post-disaster reconstruction policy; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disasters; Geology; Hazards; Case-studies; County level; County scale; Geological hazards; Historical earthquakes; Population–economy–space urbanization; Post-disaster reconstruction; Post-disaster reconstruction policy; Urban scale; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; earthquake damage; reconstruction; seismic hazard; urban economy; urban policy; urban population; urbanization; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Ager, Philipp, How the 1906 San Francisco earthquake shaped economic activity in the American West, Explorations in Economic History, 77, (2020); 
D'Amico, Gaspare, Ecological indicators of smart urban metabolism: A review of the literature on international standards, Ecological Indicators, 118, (2020); 
Yu, Ann T.W., Identifying risk factors of urban-rural conflict in urbanization: A case of China, Habitat International, 44, pp. 177-185, (2014); 
Bakari, Mohamed El Kamel, Setting up the three sides of the sustainability triangle: The American blue-green-brown alliances revisited, Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 3, 1, (2021); 
Bompard, Ettore Francesco, An electricity triangle for energy transition: Application to Italy, Applied Energy, 277, (2020); 
Calunod-Repuela, Xenia Gay J., Using engeström's activity triangle model to design and develop a technology-based HIV intervention for the youth, Procedia Computer Science, 161, pp. 1275-1282, (2019); 
Chakraborty, Saurav, Spatio-temporal patterns of urbanization in the Kolkata Urban Agglomeration: A dynamic spatial territory-based approach, Sustainable Cities and Society, 67, (2021); 
Wenchuan Earthquake of 2008 Anatomy of A Disaster, (2011); 
Cui, Dan, Spatiotemporal evolution and the driving forces of the coupling coordination degree between urbanization and urban residents' livelihood level in Mongolia, Sustainability (Switzerland), 11, 3, (2019); 
undefined, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Song, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, X., Zhang, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Song, Yan (56372995900); Li, Zhenran (57212228636); Zhang, Xiao (57222492450); Zhang, Ming (55509671900)
56372995900; 57212228636; 57222492450; 55509671900
Study on indirect economic impacts and their causes of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2021) Natural Hazards, 108 (2), pp. 1971 - 1995, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-021-04765-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105436529&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-021-04765-y&partnerID=40&md5=ce180fa84eeda3ea2e4b98a83bc67d05

AFFILIATIONS: School of Economics and Management, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Center for Environmental Management and Economics Policy Research, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: In terms of events that undermine economic growth, the impact of natural disasters is huge and inevitable. Taking the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake as the research object, and based on the country-year data for 181 counties in Sichuan Province from 1999 to 2018, this paper uses the dynamic difference-in-difference method to investigate the indirect impact of this event on the economy. The main findings are as follows: Even though the central government has introduced reconstruction policies and invested a lot of reconstruction funds, in 2018, the per capita income in the extremely and relatively severe disaster areas was still significantly lower than the counterfactual by 21.96% and 7.61%, respectively. There is heterogeneity in the long-term indirect impacts in areas with different disaster levels, and the economies of the extremely severe disaster areas may form a "poverty trap," while the economies of the relatively severe disaster areas are still in a slow recovery state. It was further found that the assistance of central government’s reconstruction funds and the increase in local government expenditure are the reasons for the rapid economic recovery in the short term, and the insufficient level of total demand caused by the investment and consumption is the main reasons for the negative indirect impact on the economy in the disaster areas. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Disaster area economy; Dynamic difference-in-difference method; Indirect economic impacts; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster management; economic growth; economic impact; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Adam, Christopher S., Tropical cyclones and post-disaster reconstruction of public infrastructure in developing countries, Economic Modelling, 93, pp. 82-99, (2020); 
Ager, Philipp, How the 1906 San Francisco earthquake shaped economic activity in the American West, Explorations in Economic History, 77, (2020); 
Akao, Ken Ichi, A theory of disasters and long-run growth, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 95, pp. 89-109, (2018); 
Barone, Guglielmo, Natural disasters, growth and institutions: A tale of two earthquakes, Journal of Urban Economics, 84, pp. 52-66, (2014); 
Benali, Nadia, A robust analysis of the relationship between natural disasters, electricity and economic growth in 41 countries, Journal of Economic Development, 42, 3, pp. 89-109, (2017); 
Benson, Charlotte, Understanding the economic and financial impacts of natural disasters, World Bank Disaster Risk Management Series, 4, (2004); 
Economics of Natural Disasters A Survey, (2009); 
Cavallo, Eduardo A., Catastrophic natural disasters and economic growth, Review of Economics and Statistics, 95, 5, pp. 1549-1561, (2013); 
Chai, Danling, Driving factors of natural disasters in belt and road countries, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, (2020); 
Chen, Sha, Natural disasters in China: 1900-2011, Natural Hazards, 69, 3, pp. 1597-1605, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Haorui (56870551900)
56870551900
When housing and communities were delivered: A case study of post-wenchuan earthquake rural reconstruction and recovery
(2021) Sustainability (Switzerland), 13 (14), art. no. 7629, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.3390/su13147629
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85110573506&doi=10.3390%2Fsu13147629&partnerID=40&md5=fa9ee7ee0747e83b0d559d0453556327

AFFILIATIONS: School of Social Work, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
ABSTRACT: This study contributes to an in-depth examination of how Wenchuan earthquake disaster survivors utilize intensive built environment reconstruction outcomes (housing and infrastructural systems) to facilitate their long-term social and economic recovery and sustainable rural development. Post-disaster recovery administered via top-down disaster management systems usually consists of two phases: a short-term, government-led reconstruction (STGLR) of the built environment and a long-term, survivor-led recovery (LTSLR) of human and social settings. However, current studies have been inadequate in examining how rural disaster survivors have adapted to their new government-provided housing or how communities conducted their long-term recovery efforts. This qualitative case study invited sixty rural disaster survivors to examine their place-making activities utilizing government-delivered, urban-style residential communities to support their long-term recovery. This study discovered that rural residents’ recovery activities successfully perpetuated their original rural lives and rebuilt social connections and networks both individually and collectively. However, they were only able to manage their agriculture-based livelihood recovery temporarily. This research suggests that engaging rural inhabitants’ place-making expertise and providing opportunities to improve their housing and communities would advance the long-term grassroots recovery of lives and livelihoods, achieving sustainable development. © 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Government-led reconstruction; Grassroots expertise; Long-term recovery; Short-term reconstruction; Sustainable rural development
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster management; earthquake; livelihood; long-term change; policy making; reconstruction; rural development; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Prototype Global Sustainable Development Report Internet; 
Berke, Philip R., Recovery after Disaster: Achieving Sustainable Development, Mitigation and Equity, Disasters, 17, 2, pp. 93-109, (1993); 
Wisner, Ben, Community Resilience to Disasters, pp. 354-360, (2015); 
Imperiale, Angelo J., Top-down reconstruction and the failure to “build back better” resilient communities after disaster: lessons from the 2009 L'Aquila Italy earthquake, Disaster Prevention and Management, 29, 4, pp. 541-555, (2020); 
Timothy, S. I.M., A PATHWAY TO INITIATE BOTTOM-UP COMMUNITY-BASED DISASTER RISK REDUCTION WITHIN A TOP-DOWN SYSTEM: THE CASE OF CHINA, International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 7, 3, pp. 283-293, (2017); 
Tiwari, Asmita, The capacity crisis in disaster risk management: Why disaster management capacity remains low in developing countries and what can be done, pp. 1-218, (2015); 
Wu, Haorui, Airdropped urban condominiums and stay-behind elders’ well-being: 10-year lessons learned from the post-wenchuan earthquake rural recovery, Journal of Rural Studies, 79, pp. 24-33, (2020); 
Olshansky, Robert B., Disaster and recovery: Processes compressed in time, Natural Hazards Review, 13, 3, pp. 173-178, (2012); 
Pesaro, Giulia, The Economic Impacts of Natural Hazards: Lessons Learnt from the PDNA International Damage Assessment Project Implemented in Haiti After the Earthquake of 2010, Research for Development, pp. 321-332, (2018); 
Our Common Future
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, H., Tang, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Haibo (55315556800); Tang, Guijuan (57214876805)
55315556800; 57214876805
Paired assistance policy and recovery from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: a network perspective
(2021) Disasters, 45 (1), pp. 126 - 157, Cited 16 times.
DOI: 10.1111/disa.12413
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083549398&doi=10.1111%2Fdisa.12413&partnerID=40&md5=30ed4ba94f88e5fc5e2341cc74814e72

AFFILIATIONS: and Director, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Lecturer, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
ABSTRACT: The role of the paired assistance policy (PAP) in facilitating recovery after the Wenchuan earthquake in China on 12 May 2008 is best analysed from a network perspective. This paper makes five assumptions to explore the relationship, and then draws on three additional cases to examine them. The key findings support all five assumptions. First, the interactions of authority compliance initiated the PAP, and second, the interactions of resource input significantly contributed to rapid reconstruction following the earthquake. Third, the interactions of knowledge transfer supported social system recovery, and fourth, the interactions of benefit reciprocity laid the foundation for sustainable recovery. Fifth, by contrast, the interactions of performance comparison caused suboptimal overfunding of particular public infrastructure projects and reduced local self-reliance to some extent. Finally, suggestions are made to improve the policy implications of extending the use of the PAP in other administrative contexts. The PAP could become an even more important policy device in the future. © 2019 The Authors Disasters © 2019 Overseas Development Institute
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; disaster recovery; network perspective; paired assistance policy; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster management; future prospect; hazard management; natural disaster; network analysis; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan; administrative personnel; disaster; earthquake; government; human; organization and management; policy; politics; relief work; Administrative Personnel; Disasters; Earthquakes; Government; Humans; Policy; Politics; Relief Work
REFERENCES: Boin, Arjen, Building European Union capacity to manage transboundary crises: Network or lead-agency model?, Regulation and Governance, 8, 4, pp. 418-436, (2014); 
Ucinet for Windows Software for Social Network Analysis, (2002); 
Structural Holes the Social Structure of Competition, (1992); 
Fourth Anniversary of the Wenchuan Earthquake Stepping into A New Starting Point of Development, (2012); 
Comfort, Louise K., Self-organization in complex systems, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 4, 3, pp. 393-410, (1994); 
Shared Risk Complex Systems in Seismic Response, (1999); 
Comfort, Louise K., Rethinking security: Organizational fragility in extreme events, Public Administration Review, 62, SPEC. ISS., pp. 98-107, (2002); 
Comfort, Louise K., Inter-organizational coordination in extreme events: The World Trade Center attacks, September 11, 2001, 39, 2, pp. 309-327, (2006); 
Eisenhardt, Kathleen M., Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges, Academy of Management Journal, 50, 1, pp. 25-32, (2007); 
Gibbert, Michael, What passes as a rigorous case study?, Strategic Management Journal, 29, 13, pp. 1465-1474, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Guijuan (57214876805)
57214876805
Research on transformation from “paired assistance” to “collaborative networks” in post-disaster recovery of 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China
(2020) Natural Hazards, 104, pp. 31 - 53, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-019-03598-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063188380&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-019-03598-0&partnerID=40&md5=549b224bc0778dc6cd21756c593adfbc

AFFILIATIONS: Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
ABSTRACT: Long-term outcomes and collaborative governance are particularly worthy of discussion when examining the recovery process from natural disasters. In the long and dynamic processes of recovery, how do the primary participants responsible for recovery adapt and change to meet social and economic objectives? This paper argues that the approach to recovery following the Wenchuan Earthquake in China experienced a transformation from paired assistance under centralized political mobilization to collaborative networks. Based on an in-depth case study of the Shanghai–Dujiangyan Paired Assistance Policy, we find that recovery from the Wenchuan Earthquake can be demarcated and described in terms of three stages involving government-oriented project aid, contract-oriented industrial redevelopment, and network-oriented collaborative governance. Four determinants contributed to these transformation processes: (1) The central government was promoted as the responsible entity for guiding recovery efforts from the catastrophe, and the effective political mobilization under the Paired Assistance Policy (PAP) and interactions between subnational assisting governments ensured the timeliness, diversity, and quality of aid projects; (2) industry recovery policies provided the policy environment for enterprises to participate in industrial recovery, and beneficial reciprocity became the key attraction for outside private enterprises to participate in the industrial recovery of Dujiangyan; (3) the participation of social organizations as emergent organizations in the recovery contributed to the formation of collaborative networks; and (4) the trust, friendship, and mutually beneficial relationships that were developed over the 3-year term of the PAP provided a strong foundation for the formation of collaborative networks, which were essential to facilitating longer term recovery. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Collaborative networks; Paired Assistance Policy; Post-disaster recovery; The Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: development aid; disaster management; natural disaster; network analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; state role; China; Dujiangyan; Shanghai; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Natural Disaster Mitigation in the Philippines Proceedings National Conference on Natural Disaster Mitigation 19 21 October 1994, (1994); 
Berke, Philip R., Recovery after Disaster: Achieving Sustainable Development, Mitigation and Equity, Disasters, 17, 2, pp. 93-109, (1993); 
Holistic Disaster Recovery Ideas for Building Local Sustainability After A Natural Disaster, (2001); 
Comfort, Louise K., Retrospectives and prospectives on hurricane katrina: Five years and counting, Public Administration Review, 70, 5, pp. 669-678, (2010); 
Du, Lanying, The government’s mobilization strategy following a disaster in the Chinese context: an evolutionary game theory analysis, Natural Hazards, 80, 3, pp. 1411-1424, (2016); 
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Gerring, John, Case study research: Principles and practices, pp. 1-265, (2006); 
Gibbert, Michael, What passes as a rigorous case study?, Strategic Management Journal, 29, 13, pp. 1465-1474, (2008); 
Guo, Xuesong, Examining collaborative disaster response in China: network perspectives, Natural Hazards, 79, 3, pp. 1773-1789, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media B.V. editorial@springerplus.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cheng, L., Zhang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cheng, Li (35756030200); Zhang, Jun (57805189400)
35756030200; 57805189400
Assessment of coupling coordination between tourism development and economic growth after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: Beichuan, China
(2020) Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 25 (6), pp. 592 - 609, Cited 27 times.
DOI: 10.1080/10941665.2020.1752753
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083673217&doi=10.1080%2F10941665.2020.1752753&partnerID=40&md5=da9d21739f78ce663e72c90588de77b5

AFFILIATIONS: School of Tourism, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This paper establishes one comprehensive index system and investigates the coupling coordination between tourism development and economic growth of Beichuan County following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, as well as examines the causal relationship. The results of the coupling coordination degree model (CCDM) illustrate that the coordinating level of tourism development and economic growth increases in 2001–2017, with strong fluctuation in 2008. The causal results using unit root test, Cointegration test, and Grange causal test show that tourism can significantly promote economic growth in 2008–2017. The outcomes may be attributed to the disaster shock, macro-policy and government-led reconstruction mode. Lastly, the theoretical and practical implications for policymakers are provided. © 2020, © 2020 Asia Pacific Tourism Association.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Beichuan County; coupling coordination degree; economic growth; relationship; Tourism development; tourism-led growth hypothesis; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: cointegration analysis; economic growth; numerical model; Sichuan earthquake 2008; tourism development; tourism economics; tourism market; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Adger, W. Neil, Social-ecological resilience to coastal disasters, Science, 309, 5737, pp. 1036-1039, (2005); 
Amore, Alberto, Conceptualizing destination resilience from a multilevel perspective, Tourism Review International, 22, 3, pp. 235-250, (2018); 
Torres-Delgado, Anna, The ISOST index: A tool for studying sustainable tourism, Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 8, pp. 281-289, (2018); 
Aslan, Alper, Tourism development and economic growth in the Mediterranean countries: evidence from panel Granger causality tests, Current Issues in Tourism, 17, 4, pp. 363-372, (2014); 
Balaguer, Jacint, Tourism as a long-run economic growth factor: The Spanish case, Applied Economics, 34, 7, pp. 877-884, (2002); 
Bargawi, Hannah K., Engendering Economic Recovery: Modeling Alternatives to Austerity in Europe, Feminist Economics, 23, 4, pp. 225-249, (2017); 
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Biggs, Duan, Marine tourism in the face of global change: The resilience of enterprises to crises in Thailand and Australia, Ocean and Coastal Management, 105, pp. 65-74, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Routledge info@tandf.co.uk
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhao, L., He, F., Zhao, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Liang (57747204500); He, Fanneng (7201952194); Zhao, Caishan (57209024755)
57747204500; 7201952194; 57209024755
A framework of resilience development for poor villages after the wenchuan earthquake based on the principle of "build back better"
(2020) Sustainability (Switzerland), 12 (12), art. no. 4979, Cited 21 times.
DOI: 10.3390/su12124979
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086926295&doi=10.3390%2Fsu12124979&partnerID=40&md5=d2dcb5222153f5b8811adf9c4a735277

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Under the current resilience development framework, which is mainly based on urban communities, it is difficult to meet the needs of the vulnerable populations in poor villages. This article aims to explore a specific and operable guidance framework suitable for the resilient development of Chinese poor villages after disasters from the perspective of social equity. The framework will help guide the sustainable development of poor villages after disasters and also provide a reference for the resilience of other similar vulnerable areas. When integrating climate change response and disaster risk management to explore sustainable development in poor villages, the essence is to explore the resilience development framework focused on the construction of resilient communities in poor villages. We take the recovery and reconstruction of poor villages after the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 as an example. Through the analysis of the effects of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, we found that although poor communities have made significant achievements since the earthquake, there are still many aspects that need to be improved, including social life systems, economic production systems, and natural ecosystems. Therefore, we comprehensively analyzed the characteristics of poor socio-economic conditions, the complex ecological environment, and the low cultural level of residents in poor villages. Furthermore, this study followed the principle of "Build back better" (BBB) and conducted an in-depth study of the framework for the resilience of poor villages. In terms of risk reduction, it is recommended to improve structural resilience from guarantee of preferential prices and selection of environmentally friendly materials, avoid risk and villagers' participation in the formulation of general plans, and promote disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities from risk prediction and curriculum development. In terms of community recovery, it is suggested to promote community economics and victims' livelihoods by promoting industrial transformation and sustainable livelihoods and promote social and psychological health development from social relations and psychological rehabilitation. In terms of efficient implementation, specific improvements include the improvement of public participation systems and the establishment of coordination offices and sound institutional mechanisms, the development of community standards and the introduction of financial support policies, the improvement of laws and regulations, and the improvement of monitoring and evaluation from dynamic monitoring and mass satisfaction surveys. It is important to guide the sustainable development of vulnerable communities by constructing a post-disaster resistant development framework based on BBB principles. © 2020 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Natural disasters; Poor villages; "Build back better"; Recovery and reconstruction; Resilience development
INDEX KEYWORDS: climate change; disaster; financial policy; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; socioeconomic conditions; standard (regulation); sustainable development; village; vulnerability
REFERENCES: Southwick, Steven Mark, Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: Interdisciplinary perspectives, European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5, (2014); 
Lessons Learned from Tsunami Recovery Key Propositions for Building Back Better, (2006); 
Boon, Helen Joanna, Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory for modelling community resilience to natural disasters, Natural Hazards, 60, 2, pp. 381-408, (2012); 
Folke, Carl S., Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social-ecological systems analyses, Global Environmental Change, 16, 3, pp. 253-267, (2006); 
Berkes, Fikret, Community Resilience: Toward an Integrated Approach, Society and Natural Resources, 26, 1, pp. 5-20, (2013); 
Francis, Royce A., A metric and frameworks for resilience analysis of engineered and infrastructure systems, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 121, pp. 90-103, (2014); 
Skerratt, Sarah, Enhancing the analysis of rural community resilience: Evidence from community land ownership, Journal of Rural Studies, 31, pp. 36-46, (2013); 
Briceño, Sálvano, Looking Back and Beyond Sendai: 25 Years of International Policy Experience on Disaster Risk Reduction, International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 6, 1, pp. 1-7, (2015); 
Hassink, Robert, Regional resilience: A promising concept to explain differences in regional economic adaptability?, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3, 1, pp. 45-58, (2010); 
Villagra-Islas, Paula, Disaster governance for community resilience in coastal towns: Chilean case studies, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14, 9, (2017)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Li, Q., Umaier, K., Koide, O.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Qiushan (56843961900); Umaier, Kabilijiang (57218994901); Koide, Osamu (55900976700)
56843961900; 57218994901; 55900976700
Research on post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction implementation: A case study of housing reconstruction of Dujiangyan City
(2019) Progress in Disaster Science, 4, art. no. 100041, Cited 28 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2019.100041
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084938321&doi=10.1016%2Fj.pdisas.2019.100041&partnerID=40&md5=611ffbad46fb193c14a864433a6d7bb9

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This paper is a systematic study on the reconstruction planning and policy implementation of the Wenchuan earthquake. It mainly summarizes the whole process of reconstruction from the perspective of post-disaster housing reconstruction. From both macro and micro scales, it carries out an in-depth analysis of the emergency response and reconstruction mechanisms adopted by the central and local governments after the earthquake occurred. The content mainly includes housing disaster assessment, housing reconstruction process management, and housing reconstruction particular policies, which are the key factors affecting post-disaster reconstruction benefits. To better explain the great success of the Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction policy for housing reconstruction, this paper conducts a detailed investigation of the reconstruction planning, policies, implementation and results of the housing reconstruction in Dujiangyan central city. The study found that the diversification of the Dujiangyan housing reconstruction development model has mostly met the different needs of the victims. The participation of multiple entities such as the market and social institutions has accelerated the economic recovery of post-disaster reconstruction and promoted the early completion of housing work; The unique system introduced during the reconstruction process not only protected the interests of the victims, but also effectively solved the complex property rights problem in rural areas, achieved the goal of saving land and integrating resources, and replaced a large number of land resources for the government. © 2019 The Authors
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Post-disaster housing reconstruction; Reconstruction management; Reconstruction mode and policy; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: complexity; disaster management; earthquake; housing market; integrated approach; participatory approach; policy implementation; property rights; reconstruction; research work; risk assessment; rural area; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Japan, (2004); 
Communities in Disaster A Sociological Analysis of Collective Stress Situations, (1969); 
Elusive Window of Opportunity for Risk Reduction in Post Disaster Recovery, (2006); 
Lessons Learned from Tsunami Recovery Key Propositions for Building Back Better, (2006); 
Holistic Disaster Recovery Ideas for Building Local Sustainability After A Natural Disaster, (2001); 
Comerio, Mary C., Disaster Hits Home: New Policy for Urban Housing Recovery, pp. 1-300, (2023); 
undefined, (2008); 
Davidson, Colin H., Truths and myths about community participation in post-disaster housing projects, Habitat International, 31, 1, pp. 100-115, (2007); 
Denters, Bas, Rebuilding roombeek: Patterns of citizen participation in urban governance, Urban Affairs Review, 45, 5, pp. 583-607, (2010); 
Duxbury, Jane, Principles for sustainable governance of the coastal zone: In the context of coastal disasters, Ecological Economics, 63, 2-3, pp. 319-330, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN FINAL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, X., Wang, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Xiaojun (57211430941); Wang, Zhiqiang (55672693200)
57211430941; 55672693200
How does paired assistance to disaster-affected areas (PADAA) contribute to economic sustainability? A qualitative analysis of Wenchuan County
(2019) Sustainability (Switzerland), 11 (14), art. no. 3915, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.3390/su11143915
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073910274&doi=10.3390%2Fsu11143915&partnerID=40&md5=1e68e65c3205ac18b4e64ed7ce3b0950

AFFILIATIONS: School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; University College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Public Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: There is a high risk of an economic downturn after the end of reconstruction efforts following natural hazards. High levels of external assistance can sometimes weaken local autonomy and self-sufficiency, creating the pre-conditions for a "forgotten phase". However, through the three-year Paired Assistance to Disaster-Affected Areas project (PADAA), the economy of Wenchuan County in China recovered to its pre-earthquake levels within two years and has shown clear signs of economic sustainability. Through a qualitative research approach based on the analysis of expert interviews, secondary data, and relevant documentation, this study discusses the phases of the reconstruction process following theWenchuan earthquake, and the factors behind the success of the PADAA process in enabling economic sustainability. Some of the identified factors include: (1) the reshaping of local livelihoods and economic structure through a large number of investments in public infrastructure; (2) knowledge acquisition, self-adjustment, and the ability to meet the needs of a new economy and social development through institutional reform and openness; (3) increasing amounts of attracted investments and the development of sustainable industrial structures through the improvement of the local government's economic governance. © 2019 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Long-term recovery; Paired assistance; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: autonomy; disaster management; economic structure; institutional reform; knowledge based system; qualitative analysis; research work; Sichuan earthquake 2008; social development; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, The landslide story, Nature Geoscience, 6, 5, pp. 325-326, (2013); 
Gotham, Kevin Fox, From 9/11 to 8/29: Post-disaster recovery and rebuilding in New York and New Orleans, Social Forces, 87, 2, pp. 1039-1062, (2008); 
Robinson, Lyn, Post-disaster community tourism recovery: The tsunami and Arugam Bay, Sri Lanka, Disasters, 32, 4, pp. 631-645, (2008); 
Mandavia, Amar D., When Natural Disaster Follows Economic Downturn: The Incremental Impact of Multiple Stressor Events on Trajectories of Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 13, 2, pp. 173-182, (2019); 
Dunford, M. F., Earthquake reconstruction in Wenchuan: Assessing the state overall plan and addressing the 'forgotten phase, Applied Geography, 31, 3, pp. 998-1009, (2011); 
Chang, Stephanie E., Urban disaster recovery: A measurement framework and its application to the 1995 Kobe earthquake, Disasters, 34, 2, pp. 303-327, (2010); 
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Post Earthquake Reconstruction Experiences, (2008); 
Reconstruction Following Disaster, (1977); 
On Sustainability an Economic Approach, (2013); 
Disasters by Design A Reassessment of Natural Hazards in the United States, (1999)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Yi, F., Tu, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yi, Fangxin (57219259250); Tu, Yong (55931219500)
57219259250; 55931219500
An evaluation of the paired assistance to disaster- Affected areas program in disaster recovery: The case of the Wenchuan Earthquake
(2018) Sustainability (Switzerland), 10 (12), art. no. 4483, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.3390/su10124483
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85057478819&doi=10.3390%2Fsu10124483&partnerID=40&md5=a43945423ef85ffff9253b9462ba3088

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Real Estate, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake, which happened in May 2008 in China, was one of the most destructive natural disasters of the past decade. The Chinese government implemented several aid programs, including the Paired Assistance to Disaster-Affected Areas (PADAA) program, to assist with disaster recovery. Although the Wenchuan earthquake has gained much scholarly attention, previous studies often adopted different recovery measures and provided fragmented empirical evidence on how an aid program may have influenced the recovery process in both the short and long term. To bridge the gap, this paper collects eight social, economic, and institutional indicators to measure four types of recovery processes, namely, economic recovery, social recovery, institutional recovery, and built environment recovery. The data, collected between 2002 and 2015, covers 269 earthquake-stricken counties. Based on this data, we constructed a set of disaster recovery indexes. We then evaluated the impacts of the PADAA program on the disaster recovery process across the 269 counties in both the short and long term. We concluded that the impact of the PADAA program on the post-disaster economic recovery was significant in both the short and long term, whereas its impact on the recovery of the institutional and built environment occurred in the short term. Its impact on post-disaster social recovery was inconclusive. © 2018 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Disaster recovery; Paired Assistance to Disaster-Affected Areas program; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: aid reform; disaster management; earthquake event; economic impact; government; implementation process; natural disaster; recovery plan; China
REFERENCES: Hubbard, Judith A., Structural setting of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan, China, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100, 5 B, pp. 2713-2735, (2010); 
Xu, Jiuping, A comparative study on the national counterpart aid model for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction: 2008 Wenchuan earthquake as a case, Disaster Prevention and Management, 22, 1, pp. 75-93, (2013); 
Zhong, Kaibin, Exploring the administrative mechanism of China's Paired Assistance to Disaster Affected Areas programme, Disasters, 42, 3, pp. 590-612, (2018); 
Xie, Wei, Dynamic Economic Resilience and Economic Recovery from Disasters: A Quantitative Assessment, Risk Analysis, 38, 6, pp. 1306-1318, (2018); 
Smith, Gavin Paul, Sustainable Disaster Recovery: Operationalizing An Existing Agenda, Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, pp. 234-257, (2007); 
Earthquake as Opportunity the Reconstruction of Pacific Garden Mall Santa Cruz After the Loma Prieta Earthquake of 1989, (1999); 
Pantelić, Jelena, The link between reconstruction and development, Land Use Policy, 8, 4, pp. 343-347, (1991); 
International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, (2012); 
International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, (2012); 
International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, (2012)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN FINAL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Xiang, M., Zhao, W., Chen, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiang, Mingming (55235628800); Zhao, Wei (57761525500); Chen, Jiao (57777700900)
55235628800; 57761525500; 57777700900
A comparison of different reconstruction modes and adaptive evaluation systems for community recovery following theWenchuan Earthquake
(2018) Sustainability (Switzerland), 10 (11), art. no. 4115, Cited 12 times.
DOI: 10.3390/su10114115
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056230262&doi=10.3390%2Fsu10114115&partnerID=40&md5=09b64fbffc0059fec9b87cedf4a51558

AFFILIATIONS: College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; School of Architecture and Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Living environment reconstruction in Wenchuan earthquake disaster-hit areas received substantial attention internationally, so it is imperative to examine out the methods employed, to evaluate community reconstruction and recovery performances. However, the existing evaluation systems for post-disaster reconstruction practices are mostly generalized models, and thus, the actual differences among various reconstruction modes and local characteristics are given insufficient attention. After 10 years of reconstruction and recovery, Dujiangyan, Beichuan, and Wenchuan have exhibited distinct differences and characteristics because of two different reconstruction modes: "paired assistance" and "self-construction". Based on a thorough review of the literature and expert judgments, this article focuses on the introduction of evaluation factors comprising the opinions and requirements of disaster victims. Adopting the "four-step method" to select the evaluation factors through conceptual consolidation, analytical structuring, indicator identification, and index creation, this article summarizes the homogeneities and heterogeneities of the three different areas. The results reveal that people in different areas under the influences of different reconstruction modes and local characteristics will emphasize different evaluation factors and demonstrate different levels of concern for the same factor. This article analyzes the three areas and establishes an adaptable evaluation index system to provide scientific guidance to community recovery evaluations in different areas after major disasters. © 2018 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Built environment evaluation; Community recovery; Evaluation index system; Living environment reconstruction; Paired assistance
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster management; environmental assessment; environmental issue; literature review; perception; reconstruction; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sustainability
REFERENCES: Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, (2015); 
Professional Paper 941 B, (1979); 
Smith, Gavin Paul, Sustainable Disaster Recovery: Operationalizing An Existing Agenda, Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, pp. 234-257, (2007); 
Nehrp Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, (1997); 
Zhang, Jiqun, Flood disaster monitoring and evaluation in China, Environmental Hazards, 4, 2-3, pp. 33-43, (2002); 
Berke, Philip R., Adaptive planning for disaster recovery and resiliency: An evaluation of 87 local recovery plans in eight states, Journal of the American Planning Association, 80, 4, pp. 310-323, (2014); 
Wang, Yamei, A GIS-Based Spatial Multi-Criteria Approach for Flood Risk Assessment in the Dongting Lake Region, Hunan, Central China, Water Resources Management, 25, 13, pp. 3465-3484, (2011); 
Hashemi-Parast, S. Omid, Monitoring and evaluation of the urban reconstruction process in Bam, Iran, after the 2003 M w 6.6 earthquake, Natural Hazards, 85, 1, pp. 197-213, (2017); 
Folke, Carl S., Resilience and sustainable development: Building adaptive capacity in a world of transformations, Ambio, 31, 5, pp. 437-440, (2002); 
Tweed, Fiona S., Some lessons for resilience from the 2011 multi-disaster in Japan, Local Environment, 16, 9, pp. 937-942, (2011)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, H., Tao, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Haibo (55315556800); Tao, Zhigang (57204238387)
55315556800; 57204238387
Evaluating China's paired-assistance policy (PAP) in response to the Wenchuan earthquake: A sustainability perspective
(2018) Sustainability (Switzerland), 10 (10), art. no. 3732, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.3390/su10103732
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055039981&doi=10.3390%2Fsu10103732&partnerID=40&md5=49f46b4c055976046e4ae25a774e060d

AFFILIATIONS: School of Government, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: Taking a ten-year retrospective view, this article qualitatively evaluates the performance of the paired-assistance policy (PAP) implemented in response to China'sWenchuan earthquake from the perspective of sustainable recovery. Based on a review of relevant literature, the article proposes an integrated framework for the qualitative evaluation of the sustainability of disaster recovery. First, sustainable recovery prioritizes sustainability as the goal of activities undertaken to improve the local quality of life and local economic and environmental conditions. Second, sustainable recovery is a process involving several stages, from restoration to replacement reconstruction and finally to developmental construction. Third, sustainable recovery creates a structure that fosters local reliance through interactions between external and internal entities. Fourth, sustainable recovery emphasizes betterment over restoration and hazard mitigation. Overall, sustainable recovery integrates these four characteristics. Using the case-study method, this article qualitatively evaluates the Jiangsu-Mianzhu PAP (JM-PAP) from the perspective of sustainable recovery. The findings suggest that the JM-PAP laid a good foundation for sustainable recovery after the Wenchuan earthquake. Finally, policy recommendations are offered to improve the performance of the PAP in achieving sustainable recovery after future disasters in China. © 2018 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Disaster; Paired-assistance policy;Wenchuan earthquake; Sustainable recovery
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster management; environmental conditions; environmental restoration; performance assessment; policy analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sustainability; sustainable development; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Post Wenchuan Earthquake Restoration and Reconstruction Master Plan, (2008); 
Zhang, Haibo, What has China Learnt from Disasters? Evolution of the Emergency Management System after SARS, Southern Snowstorm, and Wenchuan Earthquake, Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 14, 3, pp. 234-244, (2012); 
Comp Econ Soc Syst, (2011); 
J Gansu Adm Inst, (2018); 
Zhong, Kaibin, Exploring the administrative mechanism of China's Paired Assistance to Disaster Affected Areas programme, Disasters, 42, 3, pp. 590-612, (2018); 
Proceedings of the International Conference on Disaster Governance in Asia, (2013); 
Emergency Management Principles and Practice for Local Government, (1991); 
Berke, Philip R., Recovery after Disaster: Achieving Sustainable Development, Mitigation and Equity, Disasters, 17, 2, pp. 93-109, (1993); 
Disaster Recovery Process What We Know and do Not Know from Research, (1999); 
Holistic Disaster Recovery Creating A More Sustainable Future, (2004)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN FINAL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Zhong, K., Lu, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhong, Kaibin (36603838400); Lu, Xiaoli (57198505403)
36603838400; 57198505403
Exploring the administrative mechanism of China's Paired Assistance to Disaster Affected Areas programme
(2018) Disasters, 42 (3), pp. 590 - 612, Cited 31 times.
DOI: 10.1111/disa.12262
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032799782&doi=10.1111%2Fdisa.12262&partnerID=40&md5=9a91ac7c0b37664a44063856a0585739

AFFILIATIONS: National Institute of Emergency Management, Chinese Academy of Governance, Beijing, Beijing, China; Center for Crisis Management Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Paired Assistance to Disaster Affected Areas (PADAA) programme is a mutual aid initiative with Chinese characteristics, which speeded up the process of restoring and reconstructing regions affected by the Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008. The PADAA is an efficient instrument for catastrophe recovery, yet it remains a mysterious mechanism to many members of disaster management communities. This paper aims to lift the veil on it by assessing its origins and evolution. It draws on the multi-level moderated competition model to explain how the PADAA functions within the Chinese administrative system. The country's top-down political system allows the central authority to mandate provincial and local governments from more economically developed regions to assist devastated areas with post-disaster reconstruction. The practices of local accountability complement vertical control by giving leaders from donor regions strong incentives to accomplish assigned reconstruction tasks, resulting in intense competition between them. © 2018 The Author(s). Disasters © Overseas Development Institute, 2018
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: catastrophe recovery; China; multi-level moderated competition; paired assistance; vertical control; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: administrative framework; catastrophic event; disaster management; incentive; local government; political system; reconstruction; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan; disaster; earthquake; human; organization and management; program evaluation; relief work; Disasters; Earthquakes; Humans; Program Evaluation; Relief Work
REFERENCES: China Experiments from Local Innovations to National Reform, (2012); 
Beijing Put People First in Assisting Shifang, (2009); 
Bernstein, Thomas P., Stalinism, famine, and Chinese peasants - Grain procurements during the great leap forward, Theory and Society, 13, 3, pp. 339-377, (1984); 
Chang, Stephanie E., Urban disaster recovery: A measurement framework and its application to the 1995 Kobe earthquake, Disasters, 34, 2, pp. 303-327, (2010); 
Wenchuan Earthquake of 2008 Anatomy of A Disaster, (2011); 
Cheng, Shaoming, Measuring disaster recovery: Bouncing back or reaching the counterfactual state?, Disasters, 39, 3, pp. 427-446, (2015); 
Funds Committed for Wenchuan Earthquake Recovery by Paired Provinces and Municipalities Reach 27 7 Billion Yuan, (2008); 
China an International Journal, (2003); 
Convergence Behavior in Disasters A Problem in Social Control, (1957); 
Ganapati, Nazife Emel, Out of sync: World Bank funding for housing recovery, postdisaster planning, and participation, Natural Hazards Review, 15, 1, pp. 58-73, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, Q., Hu, Y., Lu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Qiang (58054896800); Hu, Yameng (56558851900); Lu, Qibin (35332296900)
58054896800; 56558851900; 35332296900
Is it possible to integrate disaster governance into urbanization? Evidence from Chinese townships hit by 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and 2013 Lushan earthquake
(2015), pp. 211 - 236, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-287-649-2_11
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017636665&doi=10.1007%2F978-981-287-649-2_11&partnerID=40&md5=a1df004da3152b68c7324b4fcf7ca467

AFFILIATIONS: School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: This research contributes to fill the void in the knowledge of the evolution of disaster governance of Asia during urban transition, by studying the changes of disaster risk management (DRM) capacities of townships in southwestern China. These townships have particular significance in China’s urban spectrum. While a number of townships were hard hit twice by 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and 2013 Lushan Earthquake, it was a precious opportunity to examine the effect of integrating disaster governance into sustainable urbanization. The Wenchuan Reconstruction Plan had claimed the goal of building DRM capacity along the urbanization process of the post-disaster areas during the 5 years. This research finds that although with tremendous efforts, the fundamental issues of DRM remained unsettled in 2013 due to a failure of integrating the two policy systems of urbanization and disaster governance. The major contributions of this research are to link disaster governance and urbanization through DRM Capacity Framework and to put forward a new framework for forming a coalition between urbanization and disaster governance guided by governance approaches in strategic, policy, and program levels. © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Disaster governance; Lushan earthquake; Urbanization; Wenchuan Earthquake
REFERENCES: Adger, W. Neil, Social-ecological resilience to coastal disasters, Science, 309, 5737, pp. 1036-1039, (2005); 
Ahrens, Joachim, The importance of governance in risk reduction and disaster management, Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 14, 4, pp. 207-220, (2006); 
Assmuth, Timo Walter, Integrated risk assessment and risk governance as socio-political phenomena: A synthetic view of the challenges, Science of the Total Environment, 408, 18, pp. 3943-3953, (2010); 
Baker, Daniel, Institutional development and scale matching in disaster response management, Ecological Economics, 63, 2-3, pp. 331-343, (2007); 
Need for an Integrated Disaster Management Strategy in North Africa Towards Poverty Reduction A Case Study of Algiers Algeria, (2002); 
Berke, Philip R., Recovery after Disaster: Achieving Sustainable Development, Mitigation and Equity, Disasters, 17, 2, pp. 93-109, (1993); 
Berkes, Fikret, Understanding uncertainty and reducing vulnerability: Lessons from resilience thinking, Natural Hazards, 41, 2, pp. 283-295, (2007); 
Blackburn, Sophie, The politics of scale and disaster risk governance: Barriers to decentralisation in Portland, Jamaica, Geoforum, 52, pp. 101-112, (2014); 
Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Management Some Possible Steps, (2003); 
Public Administration Review, (1994)
PUBLISHER: Springer Singapore
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, G., Gao, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Guochun (55266645900); Gao, Mengtanz Tan (7201511917)
55266645900; 7201511917
The role of NGOs in natural disaster governance: A case study on the One foundation in Ya’an earthquake
(2015), pp. 559 - 565, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960099131&partnerID=40&md5=7616b0356763ca799229359db7b248b9

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: In this paper, we analyzed the One Foundation’s relief and reconstruction activities after the Ya’an earthquake. The analysis shows that the participation of NGOs in disaster relief activities has undergone different stages. In the Jiujiang earthquake, NGOs’ participation was in the rudimentary stage. In the Wenchuan earthquake, they became one of the active participants. In the Ya’an earthquake, they played an active role through cooperation mechanism. That means NGOs have had the capability of resource mobilization. The cooperation with them will improve disaster management capacities. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Risk assessment; Cooperation mechanism; Different stages; Disaster management; Disaster relief; Jiujiang; Natural disasters; Resource mobilization; Wenchuan Earthquake; Risk analysis
REFERENCES: A Paraphrase of the Law of the People S Republic of China on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters, (2009); 
Japan Association for Urban Sociology; 
Reports on the Civic Society Action in Wenchuan Earthquakechina Ngos in Emergency Rescue, (2009); 
A Study on Ngos Participation in Transitional Resettlement After the Wenchen Earthquake, (2009); 
A Study on Ngos Participation in the Emergency Rescue in the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Sociology of Hanshiawaji Daisinsai, (1999); 
Crucibles of Hazard Mega Cities and Disasters in Transition, (1999); 
Accelerating the Transformation Towards Modern Social Governance, (2014); 
Iptc 2013 International Petroleum Technology Conference, (2013); 
Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters, (2008)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press/Balkema Pub.NL@taylorandfrancis.com
SPONSORS: Society for Risk Analysis
CONFERENCE NAME: 5th International Conference on Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, RACR 2015
CONFERENCE DATE: 2015-06-01 through 2015-06-03
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Tangier
CONFERENCE CODE: 156899
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xie, W., Li, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xie, Wei (35212707700); Li, Ning (56463264100)
35212707700; 56463264100
Modeling the economic costs of disasters and recovery: Analysis using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model
(2014) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 14 (4), pp. 757 - 772, Cited 36 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-14-757-2014
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897975844&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-14-757-2014&partnerID=40&md5=f8b5e7daf02a53177d44ad44995c502b

AFFILIATIONS: Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Disaster damages have negative effects on the economy, whereas reconstruction investment has positive effects. The aim of this study is to model economic causes of disasters and recovery involving the positive effects of reconstruction activities. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is a promising approach because it can incorporate these two kinds of shocks into a unified framework and furthermore avoid the double-counting problem. In order to factor both shocks into the CGE model, direct loss is set as the amount of capital stock reduced on the supply side of the economy; a portion of investments restores the capital stock in an existing period; an investment-driven dynamic model is formulated according to available reconstruction data, and the rest of a given country's saving is set as an endogenous variable to balance the fixed investment. The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake is selected as a case study to illustrate the model, and three scenarios are constructed: S0 (no disaster occurs), S1 (disaster occurs with reconstruction investment) and S2 (disaster occurs without reconstruction investment). S0 is taken as business as usual, and the differences between S1 and S0 and that between S2 and S0 can be interpreted as economic losses including reconstruction and excluding reconstruction, respectively. The study showed that output from S1 is found to be closer to real data than that from S2. Economic loss under S2 is roughly 1.5 times that under S1. The gap in the economic aggregate between S1 and S0 is reduced to 3% at the end of government-led reconstruction activity, a level that should take another four years to achieve under S2. © Author(s) 2014.
INDEX KEYWORDS: computable general equilibrium analysis; cost analysis; disaster management; earthquake damage; hazard assessment; reconstruction; Sichuan earthquake 2008
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PUBLISHER: European Geosciences Union egs@copernicus.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

